14-004994 Theresa Williams vs. Florida Department Of Corrections
 Status: Closed
Recommended Order on Tuesday, June 30, 2015.


View Dockets  
Summary: Petitioner failed to prove that Respondent discriminated against her in retaliation for Petitioner's participation in protected activity.

1STATE OF FLORIDA

4DIVISION OF ADMINISTRATIVE HEARINGS

8THERESA WILLIAMS ,

10Petitioner,

11vs. Case No. 14 - 4994

17FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF

20CORRECTIONS ,

21Respondent.

22/

23RECOMMENDED ORDER

25An administrative hearing was conducted in this case on

34March 24 , 2015, in Bushnell , Florida, before James H. Peterson,

44III, Administrative Law Judge with the Division of

52Administrative Hearings.

54APPEARANCES

55For Petitioner: Carlos V. Leach, Esquire

61Morgan & Morgan, P.A.

6520 North Orange Avenue, Suite 1600

71Post Office Box 4979

75Orlando , Florida 32802 - 4979

80For Respondent: Sena M. Bailes , Esquire

86Florida Department of Corrections

905 01 South Calhoun Street

95Tallahassee, Florida 32399 - 2500

100STATEMENT OF THE ISSUE

104Whether Respondent Department of Corrections (Respondent or

111the Department) violated the Florida Civil Rights Act of 1992,

121sections 760.01 Î 760.11 and 509.092, Florida Statutes , 1/ by

131discharging Petitioner Theresa Williams (Petition er ) in

139retaliation for her participation as a witness during the

148investigation of a n alleged discrimination claim brought by

157another employee .

160PRELIMINARY STATEMENT

162On April 14 , 2014 , Petitioner filed a complaint of

171discrimination with the Florida Commission on Human Relations

179( Ð FCHR Ñ or Ð the Commission Ñ ), which was assigned FCHR No.

194201 400621 ( Ð Complaint of Discrimination Ñ ). The Complaint of

206Discrimination alleges that the Department discriminated against

213Petitioner in employment by unfairly disciplining and

220discharging her in retaliation for participating in a

228discrimination investigation. Aft er investigating PetitionerÓs

234allegations, the Commission's executive director issued a

241Determination of Cause on Sept ember 19, 2014, finding Ðthat

251there is reasonable cause to believe that an unlawful employment

261di scrimination practice occurred.Ñ An acco mpanying Notice of

270Determination notified Petitioner of her right to file a

279Petition for Relief for an administrative proceeding within 35

288days of the Notice. On October 22 , 2014, Petitioner timely

298filed a Petition for Relief and, on October 22 , 2014, the

309Commission forwarded the petition to the Division of

317Administrative Hearings for the assignment of an administrative

325law judge to condu ct an administrative hearing. The case was

336assigned to the undersigned and this case was initiall y

346scheduled for a hearing to begin on January 29, 2015. Following

357Petitioner's written requ est for a continuance, the final

366hearing was rescheduled for March 24, 2015.

373During the administrative hearing, Petitioner testified,

379called three witnesses, and in troduced six exhibits received

388into evidence as Exhibits P - 1, P - 2, and P - 4 through P - 7.

406Respondent presented the testimony of two witness es and

415introduced four exhibits into evidence as Exhibits R - A through

426R - D .

430The p roceedings were recorded and a t ranscr ipt was ordered.

442The parties a greed to file their respective proposed recommended

452o rders within 1 0 days from the filing of the t ranscript . The

467two - volume Transcript of the hearing was filed on May 1 , 2015.

480T he parties filed their Proposed Recommended Or ders prior to the

492filing of the Transcript. B oth Proposed Recommended Orders were

502considered in the preparation of this Recommended Order.

510FINDINGS OF FACT

5131. The Department of Corrections is a state agency as

523defined in chapter 110, Florida Statutes, and an employer as

533that term is defined in section 760.02(7), Florida Statutes.

5422. At all times material, Petitioner was employed as a

552nurse at the Department's Lake Correctional Institution ( Ð the

562Institution Ñ ) in Clermont, Florida. She was hired by the

573Department as a Licensed Practical Nurse effective July 12,

5822007 .

5843. Petitioner was terminated from her position with th e

594Ins titution in May 2013. At the time of Petitioner's

604termination, her official title was ÐSenior Licensed Practical

612Nurse.Ñ

6134. Prior to her termination, the Department provided

621Petitioner with a letter dated April 16, 2013, advising her of

632her proposed dismissal and scheduling a meeting ( Ð termination

642conference Ñ ) with the Institution's Warden to discuss the

652reasons why Petitioner was being considered for termination .

661The letter was excluded from evidence because it was not timely

672disclosed as an exhibit by the Department as required in the

683Order of Prehearing Instructions in this case . Nevertheless,

692Respondent testified that she attended the termination

699conference and that, during the termination conference, she was

708provided, and they discussed, three incident reports against her

717that she had previously seen.

7225. The termination conference was attended by the

730Institution's W arden, the Assistant Warden, and Dr. Virginia

739Mesa, the Institution's Chief Health Operator . The incident

748reports discussed at Petitioner's termination conference

754included Petitioner's alleged violation on February 8, 2013, of

763the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

771of 1996 ( HIPAA ) for which Dr. Mesa recommended PetitionerÓs

782dismissal ; Petitioner's alleg ed failure on February 8, 2013, to

792carry out an assignment to log w alking canes provided to

803inmates ; and an alleged argument on February 18, 2013, with a

814supervisor regarding Petitioner's reassignment to process

820transferred inmates know n as "new gains."

8276. There is no indication that the termination conference

836changed the Department's proposed decision to terminate

843Petitioner.

8447. At the final hearing, Petitioner testified and

852presented evidence designed to prove that the incidents outlined

861above did not occur. However, following her termination in

8702013, Petitioner timely filed a career service system appeal

879with the State of Florida, Public Employees Relations Commission

888(PERC) , contesting her termination. Following an evidentiary

895hearing and a PERC hearing officer's recommended order in that

905proceeding, PERC entered a final order on November 6, 2013,

915providing in its pertinent part:

920The relevant facts found by the hearing

927officer relate three separate incidents that

933led to [Theresa] Williams' dismissal. On

939February 8, 2013, Dr. Virginia Mesa observed

946Williams showing Captain Reed, who was the

953securi ty officer - in - charge of the shift,

963something in a green file. A green file is

972the type of medical file kept for each

980inmate. The green file was open in

987Williams' hand and Reed and Williams were

994looking into it. Mesa observed Williams

1000flipping through th e file with Reed in the

1009public hallway. The Agency's policy and

1015federal law strictly prohibit prison medical

1021personnel from allowing non - medical staff to

1029see inmate medical records.

1033That same day, Debra Elder, who was a

1041senior health services administrat or and new

1048manager, asked Williams to record various

1054information about canes that were issued to

1061inmates and to label each cane with an

1069identifying mark. Williams turned to a co -

1077worker and told her to do it. Elder

1085considered Williams' attitude insubordin ate

1090and wrote an incident report as soon as she

1099returned to her office.

1103On February 18, Williams was assigned

1109to be the "sick call" nurse when she

1117reported for her shift at 6:45 a.m.

1124However, she was informed that, if the

1131prison received a significant number of "new

1138gains," she would be re - assigned to assist

1147the two nurses do ing that work. "New gains"

1156is the Agency's term for the processing of

1164inmates transferred to the institution from

1170another facility. Around 8:00 a.m.,

1175Williams' supervisor, Joyce Isagba, arrived

1180at work. Isagba reviewed the assignments

1186and directed a sub ordinate to assign

1193Williams to new gains that day. Williams

1200believed Isagba, a relatively new

1205supervisor, had a pattern of changing her

1212assignment from sick call nurse to new gains

1220and did not like it. Williams approached

1227Isagba and questioned why she wa s being

1235reassigned. Williams and Isagba became loud

1241and argumentative. Other nurses were

1246present in the room. The conversation

1252lasted some time and Williams repeatedly

1258stated that the change of her assignment was

1266unfair and repeatedly wanted to know why she

1274was being reassigned. Isagba told her she

1281was more qualified to do that work and that

1290she did not have to give her reason for her

1300decisions. The dispute lasted several

1305minutes and Williams reluctantly assisted

1310with new gains. Later that day, Willia ms

1318was sent to sick call to finish that duty.

1327Isagba considered Williams to have been

1333insubordinate and wrote an incident report.

1339Based on these factual findings, the

1345hearing officer concluded that the Agency

1351had grounds to discipline Williams for poor

1358p erformance, violating the Agency's medical

1364information privacy, and insubordination in

1369violation of Florida Administrative Code

1374Rule 60L - 36.005. He recommended that [PERC]

1382adopt his recommended order and dismiss

1388Williams' appeal.

1390* * *

1393Upon review of t he complete record,

1400including the transcript, we conclude that

1406all of the hearing officer's facts are

1413supported by competent substantial evidence

1418received in a proceeding that satisfied the

1425essential requirements of law. Therefore,

1430we adopt the hearing of ficer's findings.

1437§ 120.57(1)(l), Fla. Stat. Furthermore, we

1443agree with the hearing officer's legal

1449analysis of the disputed legal issues, his

1456conclusions of law, and his recommendation.

1462Accordingly, the hearing officer's

1466recommendation is incorporated herein and

1471Williams' appeal is DISMISSED.

14758. The hearing officer's Recommendation and PE RC's Final

1484Order in the PERC Proceeding , Williams v. DOC , 28 FCSR 284

1495(2013), were submitted by both parties and received into

1504evidence without objection in this case as Exhibits P - 4 and P - 5,

1519respectively, and Exhibit s R - B and R - C , respectively . The PERC

1534Proceeding involved the same parties as in this case and the

1545allegations in the incident reports discussed at Petitioner's

1553termination conference were actually litiga ted and determined in

1562the PERC Proceeding. In other words, whether the incidents

1571outlined in those incident report s occurred and are sufficient

1581to support the Department's decision to termin ate Petitioner's

1590employment has already been determined. 2/

15969. Mo reover, Petitioner failed to show , in this case, that

1607the incidents did not occur. Although Petitioner testified that

1616she did not show Captain Reed the inmate's medical chart in

1627violation of HIPAA and introduced Captain Reed's written

1635statement stating th at Petitioner did not show him the chart,

1646the evidence adduced at the final hearing showed that when she

1657met with Captain Reed during the incident , she was flipping

1667through papers with the medical chart in her hand . As found in

1680the PERC hearing officer's Recommended Order:

1686Williams violated the Agency's privacy

1691policy when she held an open inmate medical

1699file so a security staff officer could see

1707the inmate's writing and signature. This

1713was not a reasonable procedure to accomplish

1720the task of notifying the officer of a

1728potential security threat to other inmates.

1734There was a real possibility that the sick

1742call slip had been forged. It was

1749unnecessary to show Captain Reed an inmate's

1756medical file to determin e if the slip was

1765forged. Williams coul d have don e that

1773herself with the same accuracy as Reed,

1780since neither is a handwriting expert.

1786Williams v. DOC , 28 FCSR 284 (Recommended Order, 08/26/13).

179510. Dr. Mesa's testimony in this case was consistent with

1805the hearing officer's finding and is credited .

181311. Regarding the other two incident reports , while

1821Petitioner denied asking another to perform her assigned task of

1831logging inmates' canes, she admitted that she delayed performing

1840the task. Petitioner also admitted that she questioned her

1849supervisor, Ms. Insagba, as to why she was being assigned "new

1860gains," that during the incident Ms. Insagba raised her voice,

1870and that they " were both talking at the same time and I guess

1883she was trying to get a point across and I was just trying to

1897ask her why."

190012. In addition to the incidents addressed in the three

1910incident reports, during cross examination in this case,

1918Petitioner revealed that she was also disciplined twice in 2012.

1928In August 2012, Petitioner received a record of couns eling for

1939insubordination. And in December 2012, Petitioner received a

1947written reprimand for failure to follow instructions.

195413. In sum, the record supports a finding that , by May

19652013, the Department had cause to terminate Petitioner .

197414. Although it has been determined that the Department

1983had cause to terminate Petitioner's employment at the

1991Institution, in this case Petitioner asserts that the real

2000reason for her dismissal was her participation as a witness in a

2012discrimination charge brought by another employee against the

2020Depa rtment and Dr. Mesa.

202515. The disciplin ary incidents supporting Petitioner's

2032dismissal occurred in February 2013, and before. The

2040investigation in which Petitioner participated began in March of

20492013 and Petitioner provided testimony in that investigation on

2058April 23, 2013 , after Dr. Mesa had already recommended

2067PetitionerÓs dismissal and after Petitioner had been notified by

2076the Department that she was being considered for dismissal .

2086Petitioner was dismissed in May 2013.

209216. In finding pro bable cause, the Commission stated in

2102its summary of the Investigative Memorandum:

2108Complainant did not demonstrate that she was

2115harassed or disciplined because of

2120participation in the internal investigation.

2125Complainant provided no evidence of

2130harassment, and she was not disciplined

2136after her protected activity occurred.

2141Respondent admitted that Complainant was

2146disciplined for the alleged HIPAA violation,

2152but this occurred prior to her protected

2159activity.

2160Based on the information received during the

2167inve stigation, it does appear that

2173Complainant was terminated in retaliation

2178for her participation in the internal

2184investigation. If the alleged HIPAA

2189violation was a true terminable offense,

2195Complainant should have been terminated in

2201February of 2013 when it occurred. Instead,

2208Respondent waited nearly three months to

2214terminate her, which was about three weeks

2221after her protected activity. Additionally,

2226Respondent has a progressive disciplinary

2231policy which it did not follow. The alleged

2239HIPAA violation is Complainant's only

2244documented incident. Respondent also

2248claimed that Complainant was terminated

2253after she was disciplined several times

2259prior to the HIPAA event, yet it could

2267provide no evidence that she had a

2274disciplinary record prior to February of

22802013.

228117. Unlike the limited information available to the

2289Commission in its probable cause determination, the evidence in

2298the de novo proceeding conducted in this case demonstrated that

2308Petitioner had a number of disciplinary offenses in February

2317that we re found by PERC to support her dismissal, and that

2329Petitioner had been written up for two other disciplinary

2338infractions in 2012.

234118. Moreover, the showing necessary for a probable cause

2350determination is less than Petitioner's burden to prove

2358discriminat ion.

236019. While there was a delay in Petitioner's termination ,

2369the evidence showed that Dr. Mesa recommended Petitioner for

2378dismissal when she wrote up the incident report for the HIPAA

2389violation in February 2013.

239320. Although it is evident that management, including the

2402Warden and Dr. Mesa , was generally aware that Petitioner had

2412participated as a witness in another employee's discrimination

2420claim in April of 2013 , Petitioner did not show that she was

2432terminated because of that participation.

24372 1. And, w hile the Department's delay in dismissing

2447Petitioner remained unexplained at the final hearing , 3/ that

2456delay , in light of the other facts and circumstances of this

2467case, including Petitioner's numerous disciplinary infractions

2473ou tlined above, is an insufficient basis to support a finding

2484that Petitioner was terminated i n retaliation for her

2493participation in a protected activity.

2498CONCLUSIONS OF LAW

250122. The Division of Administrative Hearings has

2508jurisdiction over the parties and subject matter of this

2517proceeding pursuant to section s 120.569 and 120.57(1), Florida

2526Statutes, and Florida Administrative Code Rule 60Y - 4.016(1).

253523. The State of Florida, under the legislative scheme

2544contained in sections 760.01 Î 760.11 and 509.092, Florida

2553Statutes, known as the Florida Civil Rights Act of 1992 (the

2564Act), incorporates and adopts the legal principles and

2572precedents established in the fe deral anti - discrimination laws

2582specifically set forth under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act

2593of 1964, as amended. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e, et seq .

260424. The Florida law prohibiting unlawful employment

2611practices is found in section 760.10. Section 760.10(7)

2619provides:

2620It is an unlawful employment practice for an

2628employer . . . to discriminate against any

2636person because that person has opposed any

2643practice which is an unlawful employment

2649practice under this section, or because that

2656person has made a charge, tes tified,

2663assisted, or participated in any manner in

2670an investigation, proceeding, or hearing

2675under this section.

267825. Florida courts have held that because the Act is

2688patterned after Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as

2700amended, federal case law dealing with Title VII is applicable.

2710See , e.g. , Fla. Dep't of Cmty . Aff. v. Bryant , 586 So. 2d 1205,

27241209 (Fla. 1st D CA 1991).

273026. As developed in federal cases, a prima facie case of

2741discrimination under Title VII may be established by statistical

2750proof of a pattern of discrimination, or on the basis of direct

2762evidence which, if believed, would prove the existence of

2771d iscrimination without inference or presumption. 4/ Usually,

2779however, as in this case, direct evidence is lacking and one

2790seeking to prove discrimination must rely on circumstantial

2798evidence of discriminatory intent, using the shifting burden of

2807proof patte rn established in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green ,

2817411 U.S. 792 (1973). See Holifield v. Reno , 115 F.3d 1555, 1562

2829(11th Cir. 1997).

283227. Under the shifting burden pattern developed in

2840McDonnell Douglas :

2843First, [Petitioner] has the burden of

2849proving a prima facie case of discrimination

2856by a preponderance of the evidence. Second,

2863if [Petitioner] sufficiently establishes a

2868prima facie case, the burden shifts to

2875[Respondent] to Ðarticulate some legitimate,

2880nondiscriminatory reasonÑ for its action.

2885Third, if [Respondent] satisfies this

2890burden, [Petitioner] has the opportunity to

2896prove by a preponderance that the legitimate

2903reasons asserted by [Respondent] are in fact

2910mere pretext. U.S. Dep't of Hous. and Urban

2918Dev. v. Blackwell , 908 F.2d 864, 870 (11th

2926Ci r. 1990)(housing discrimination claim);

2931accord Valenzuela v. GlobeGround N. Am.,

2937LLC , 18 So. 3d 17, 22 (Fla. 3d DCA

29462009)(gender discrimination claim)("Under

2950the McDonnell Douglas framework, a plaintiff

2956must first establish, by a preponderance of

2963the evidence, a prima facie case of

2970discrimination.").

297228. Therefore, in order to prevail in her claim against

2982the Department , Petitioner must first establish a prima facie

2991case by a preponderance of the evidence. Id. ; § 120.57(1)(j),

3001Fla. Stat. ("Findings of fact shall be based upon a

3012preponderance of the evidence, except in penal or licensure

3021proceedings or except as otherwise provided by statute and shall

3031be based exclusively on the evidence of record and on matters

3042officially recognized.").

304529. "Demonst rating a prima facie case is not onerous; it

3056requires only that the plaintiff establish facts adequate to

3065permit an inference of discrimination." Holifield , 115 F.3d at

30741562; cf. , Gross v. Lyons , 763 So. 2d 276, 280 n.1 (Fla. 2000)

3087("A preponderance of th e evidence is 'the greater weight of the

3100evidence,' [citation omitted] or evidence that 'more likely than

3110not' tends to prove a certain proposition.") .

311930. Petitioner's Complaint of Discrimination against the

3126Department alleges that the Department termina ted her employment

3135in retaliation for her participation as a witness during the

3145investigation of an alleged discrimination claim brought by

3153another employee.

315531. I n order to prove a prima facie case of retaliation

3167prohibited by Title VII, the plaintiff must show "( 1) that there

3179was a statutorily protected participation; (2) that an adverse

3188employment action occurred; and (3) that there was a causal link

3199between the participation and the adverse employment action."

3207Fleming v. Boeing Co. , 120 F.3d 242, 24 8 (11th Cir. 1997).

321932. Petitioner successfully showed that , by virtue of her

3228participation as witness in an investigation of another

3236employee's discrimination claim, she participated in a protected

3244activity. See § 760.10(7), Fla. Stat. (prohibits discri mination

3253because a person has "testified, assisted, or participated in

3262investigation, proceeding, or hearing" involving a claim of

3270discrimination).

327133. The evidence also demonstrat ed an adverse employment

3280action ; namely, Petitioner's dismissal.

328434. Petit ioner, however, failed to show, by a

3293preponderance of the evidence, a causal link between her

3302participation in a protected activity and her discharge. While

3311the burden of causation can be met by showing close proximity

3322between the time of the protected ac tivity and adverse

3332employment action, 5/ the evidence in this case does not satisfy

3343that burden. PetitionerÓs protected activity occurred after she

3351had been recommended for dismissal and notified of a meeting

3361with the Warden to discuss her proposed dismissal.

336935. Therefore , Petitioner failed to carry her burden of

3378persuasion necessary to state a prima facie case for her claim

3389of a retaliatory discharge because of her participation in a

3399protected activity .

340236. Even if Petitioner had demonstrated a p rima facie

3412case, t he Department successfully offered and proved legitimate,

3421nondiscriminatory reason s supporting Petitioner's dismissal , and

3428Petitioner failed to show, by a preponderance of the evidence,

3438that those legitimate reasons were not the real reasons for her

3449termination.

3450RECOMMENDATION

3451Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of

3461Law, it is

3464RECOMMENDED that the Florida Commission on Human Relations

3472enter a final order dismissing Petitioner's Complaint of

3480Discrimination and Petiti on for Relief consistent with the terms

3490of this Recommended Order .

3495DONE AND ENTERED this 30th day of June , 2015 , in

3505Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida.

3509S

3510JAMES H. PETERSON, III

3514Administrative Law Judge

3517Division of Administrative Hearings

3521The DeSoto Building

35241230 Apalachee Parkway

3527Tallahassee, Florida32399 - 3060

3531www.doah.state.fl.us

3532Filed with the Clerk of the

3538Division of Administrative Hearings

3542this 30th day of June , 201 5 .

3550ENDNOTES

35511/ Unless otherwise indicated, all references to the Florida

3560St atutes, Florida Administrative Code, and federal laws are to

3570the current versions which have not substantively changed since

3579the time of the alleged discrimination.

35852/ Although Petitioner also attempted to disprove the

3593allegations in the same incident reports in this case, the

3603legitimacy of those allegations has already been determined in

3612the PERC proceeding prior to this case. As t he PERC Proceeding

3624involved the same parties and same inci dent reports discussed at

3635Petitioner's termination conference, principles of collateral

3641estoppel, also referred to as estoppel by judgment, prevent

3650Petitioner from re - litigating those matters. While the previous

3660litigation before PERC should bar Petitione r's re - litigation of

3671the issues involving Petitioner's HIPAA violation and

3678insubordination or rule violations set forth in the incident

3687reports discussed at Petitioner's termination conference, it

3694does not bar Petitioner's claim of retaliation. As explain ed in

3705City of Bartow v. Public Employees Relations Commission , 382 So.

37152d 311, 313 (Fla. 2d DCA 1979):

3722The City raises several points on appeal,

3729but we need discuss only two. We first

3737address its contention that PERC was without

3744jurisdiction to make a det ermination in this

3752cause because of the prior adjudication of

3759the Bartow Civil Service Board. The City

3766contends that the Board's action barred the

3773Commission from even considering whether

3778Ott's discharge resulted from an unfair

3784labor practice on the groun d that the

3792Board's adjudication was res judicata. We

3798disagree. The issue before the Civil

3804Service Board was whether Ott was

3810insubordinate and not whether the City was

3817guilty of an unfair labor practice in

3824terminating his employment. Therefore,

3828while the principle of estoppel by judgment

3835applied to the Board's determination that

3841Ott was insubordinate, it did not apply to

3849PERC's contention that the City had

3855committed an unfair labor practice.

3860Estoppel by judgment bars only those matters

3867actually litigated and determined in an

3873initial action. Gordon v. Gordon , 59 So. 2d

388140 (Fla. 1952) ; see also Jet Air Freight v.

3890Jet Air Freight Delivery, Inc. , 264 So. 2d

389835 (Fla. 3d DCA 1972) ; Board of County

3906Commissioners v. Rockmatt Corp. , 231 So. 2d

391341 (Fla. 3d DCA 1970) . Accordingly, while

3921the Commission was estopped from rehearing

3927the issue of Ott's insubordination, it had

3934jurisdiction to determine whether the City

3940had committed an unfair labor practice. See

3947PERC v. Fraternal Order of Police, Local

3954Lodge , No. 38 , 327 So. 2d 43 (Fla. 2d DCA

39641976) .

3966Therefore, although Petitioner is barred from re - litigating the

3976incidents addressed in the PERC order, because Petitioner's

3984claim of retaliation was not previously determined in the PERC

3994proceeding, it is appropriate to determine that issue in this

4004case.

40053/ It is likely that an explanation of the delay could have been

4018provided by the InstitutionÓs Warden. The Warden was not called

4028as a witness in this case. The Warden was reportedly

4038unavailable during the final hearing because of a family medical

4048emergency which occurred the night before. Although offered the

4057opportunity to present the WardenÓs testimony by telephone or at

4067a later date, the Department chose not to call the Warden as a

4080witness. As seen in the rest of t he analysis, an explanation of

4093the delay was not critical to the DepartmentÓs defense.

41024 / For instance, an example of direct evidence in an age

4114discrimination case would be the employer's memorandum stating,

4122ÐFire [petitioner] Î he is too old,Ñ clearly an d directly

4134evincing that the plaintiff was terminated based on his age.

4144See Early v. Champion Int'l Corp. , 907 F.2d 1077, 1081 (11th

4155Cir. 1990).

41575/ As explained in Thomas v. Cooper Lighting, Inc. , 506 F.3d

41681361, 1364 (11th Cir. 2001):

4173The burden of causation can be met by

4181showing close temporal proximity between the

4187statutorily protected activity and the

4192adverse employment action. See Brungart v.

4198BellSouth Telecomms., Inc., 231 F.3d 791,

4204798 - 99 (11th Cir. 2000) . But mere temporal

4214proximity, without more, must be "very

4220close ." Clark County Sch. Dist. v. Breeden ,

4228532 U.S. 268, 273, 121 S. Ct. 1508, 1511,

4237149 L. Ed. 2d 509 (2001) (internal citations

4245omitted). A three to four month disparity

4252between the statutorily protected expression

4257and the adverse employment action is not

4264enough. See id. (citing Richmond v. ONEOK ,

4271120 F.3d 205, 209 (10th Cir. 1997) (3 month

4280period insufficient) and Hughes v.

4285Derwinski , 967 F.2d 1168, 1174 - 75 (7th Cir.

42941992) (4 month period insufficient)). Thus,

4300in the absence of other evidence tending to

4308show causation, if there is a substantial

4315delay between the protected expression and

4321the adverse action, the complaint of

4327retaliation fails as a matter of law. See

4335Higdon v. Jackson , 393 F.3d 1211, 1220 (11th

4343Cir. 2004) (citing [**6] Wascura v. City of

4351South Miami , 257 F.3d 1238, 1248 (11th Cir.

43592001)) .

4361COPIES FURNISHED :

4364Sena M. Bailes , Esquire

4368Todd Studley, Esquire

4371Florida Department of Corrections

4375501 South Calhoun Street

4379Tallahassee, Florida 32399 - 2500

4384(eServed)

4385Carlos V. Leach, Esquire

4389Morgan & Morgan, P.A.

439320 North Orange Avenue, Suite 1600

4399Post Office Box 4979

4403Orlando , Florida 32802 - 4979

4408( eServed)

4410Tammy Scott Barton, Agency Clerk

4415Florida Commission on Human Relations

44204075 Esplanade Way , Room 110

4425Tallahassee, Florida 32399

4428Cheyanne Costilla, General Counsel

4432Florida Commission on Human Relations

44374075 Esplanade Way, Room 110

4442Tallahassee, Florida 32399

4445NOTICE OF RIGHT TO SUBMIT EXCEPTIONS

4451All parties have the right to submit written exceptions within

446115 days from the date of this Recommended Order. Any exceptions

4472to this Recommended Order should be filed with the agency that

4483will issue the Final Order in this case.

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PDF
Date
Proceedings
PDF:
Date: 09/17/2015
Proceedings: Agency Final Order
PDF:
Date: 09/17/2015
Proceedings: Agency Final Order Dismissing Petition for Relief from an Unlawful Employment Practice filed.
PDF:
Date: 06/30/2015
Proceedings: Recommended Order
PDF:
Date: 06/30/2015
Proceedings: Recommended Order (hearing held March 24, 2015). CASE CLOSED.
PDF:
Date: 06/30/2015
Proceedings: Recommended Order cover letter identifying the hearing record referred to the Agency.
Date: 05/01/2015
Proceedings: Transcript (not available for viewing) filed.
PDF:
Date: 04/16/2015
Proceedings: (Petitioner's Proposed) Recommended Order filed.
PDF:
Date: 04/03/2015
Proceedings: Respondent's Proposed Recommended Order filed.
Date: 03/24/2015
Proceedings: CASE STATUS: Hearing Held.
PDF:
Date: 03/13/2015
Proceedings: Parties' Joint Pretrial Stipulation filed.
PDF:
Date: 02/18/2015
Proceedings: Court Reporter Requested filed.
PDF:
Date: 02/12/2015
Proceedings: Order Re-scheduling Hearing (hearing set for March 24, 2015; 9:00 a.m.; Bushnell, FL).
PDF:
Date: 02/05/2015
Proceedings: Joint Response to Order Granting Continuance filed.
PDF:
Date: 02/05/2015
Proceedings: Notice of Appearance (Carlos Leach) filed.
PDF:
Date: 02/05/2015
Proceedings: Notice of Appearance (Sena Bailes) filed.
PDF:
Date: 01/22/2015
Proceedings: Order Granting Continuance (parties to advise status by February 2, 2015).
PDF:
Date: 01/16/2015
Proceedings: Letter to Judge Peterson from Theresa Williams requesting a continuance filed.
PDF:
Date: 01/14/2015
Proceedings: Department of Corrections' Prehearing Stipulation filed.
PDF:
Date: 11/12/2014
Proceedings: Amended Notice of Hearing (hearing set for January 29 and 30, 2015; 9:00 a.m.; Bushnell, FL; amended as to Venue).
PDF:
Date: 11/04/2014
Proceedings: Order of Pre-hearing Instructions.
PDF:
Date: 11/04/2014
Proceedings: Notice of Hearing (hearing set for January 29 and 30, 2015; 9:00 a.m.; Bushnell, FL).
PDF:
Date: 11/03/2014
Proceedings: Joint Response to Initial Order filed.
PDF:
Date: 11/03/2014
Proceedings: Notice of Appearance (Todd Studley) filed.
PDF:
Date: 10/29/2014
Proceedings: (Petitioner's) Response to Initial Order filed.
PDF:
Date: 10/23/2014
Proceedings: Initial Order.
Date: 10/22/2014
Proceedings: Employment Complaint of Discrimination filed.
PDF:
Date: 10/22/2014
Proceedings: Notice of Determination: Cause filed.
PDF:
Date: 10/22/2014
Proceedings: Determination: Cause filed.
PDF:
Date: 10/22/2014
Proceedings: Petition for Relief filed.
PDF:
Date: 10/22/2014
Proceedings: Transmittal of Petition filed by the Agency.

Case Information

Judge:
JAMES H. PETERSON, III
Date Filed:
10/22/2014
Date Assignment:
10/23/2014
Last Docket Entry:
09/17/2015
Location:
Bushnell, Florida
District:
Northern
Agency:
ADOPTED IN TOTO
 

Counsels

Related Florida Statute(s) (8):