62-296.404. Tall Oil Plants and Kraft (Sulfate) Pulp Mills

(1) Visible Emissions. Subsection 62-296.404(1), F.A.C., applies to Kraft Recovery Furnaces, defined as any straight kraft recovery furnace or cross recovery furnace used to recover chemicals consisting primarily of sodium and sulfur by burning black liquor. Kraft Recovery Furnaces that are subject to the opacity emission limits in 40 C.F.R. Part 63, Subpart MM, adopted and incorporated by reference at Rule 62-204.800, F.A.C., are not subject to the opacity limits specified in this rule.

(a) Kraft Recovery Furnaces Equipped with Dry Collectors – 45 percent opacity, except:

1. Visible emissions of up to 60 percent opacity shall be allowed for one six-minute period during any one-hour period, or

2. If the emissions unit is equipped with a certified continuous emission monitoring device for measuring opacity, then the monitoring results shall be reported to the Department semi-annually in the form of an excess emissions report, and visible emissions in excess of 45 percent opacity shall be allowed for up to six percent of the total number of possible contiguous periods of excess emissions in a semi-annual (excluding periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction and periods when the emissions unit is not operating). Each semi-annual report shall cover the 6-month periods of January 1 – June 30 and July 1 – December 31. The reports shall be submitted by the 60th day following the end of each calendar half (i.e., March 1st and August 29th of every year). The continuous emission monitoring device shall be certified, calibrated, and operated according to the procedures for opacity monitors contained in 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart A, adopted and incorporated by reference at Rule 62-204.800, F.A.C.

(b) (Reserved).

(c) (Reserved).

(2) Particulate Matter. Subsection 62-296.404(2), F.A.C., applies to Kraft Recovery Furnaces. Kraft Recovery Furnaces that are subject to the particulate matter emission limits in 40 C.F.R. Part 63, Subpart MM, adopted and incorporated by reference at Rule 62-204.800, F.A.C., are not subject to the particulate matter emission limits specified in this rule.

(a) Kraft Recovery Furnaces – three pounds per each 3000 pounds of black liquor solids fed.

(b) Visible emission limits for kraft pulp mill emissions units equipped with wet scrubbers shall be effective only if the visible emission measurement can be made without being substantially affected by plume mixing or moisture condensation.

(3) Total Reduced Sulfur (TRS). The following TRS emission limits do not apply where an emissions unit is subject to TRS limits established pursuant to 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subparts BB or BBa, as adopted and incorporated by reference in Rule 62-204.800, F.A.C.

(a) Digester Systems, Multiple Effect Evaporator Systems, Condensate Stripper Systems.

1. Gaseous emissions from these units shall be collected and incinerated in a combustion device meeting the requirements of either this rule or 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subparts BB or BBa, adopted and incorporated by reference in Rule 62-204.800, F.A.C.

2. 5 ppm by volume on a dry basis at standard conditions corrected to the actual oxygen content of the untreated flue gas stream as a 12-hour average if a means other than incineration in a combustion device pursuant to subparagraph 62-296.404(3)(a)1., F.A.C., is used to control gaseous emissions of total reduced sulfur.

3. Total reduced sulfur emissions shall not be vented to the atmosphere at any point connected to or between the emissions unit and the control device except as allowed by 40 C.F.R. Part 63, Subpart S, adopted and incorporated by reference in Rule 62-204.800, F.A.C.

If venting of uncontrolled total reduced sulfur emissions occurs due to a malfunction of a combustion device, the owner or operator shall notify the Department using the contact information identified in the permit by the close of the Department’s next working day. The owner shall also provide the Department with a written report that shall be included in the next semi-annual report, as required by subsection 62-296.404(6), F.A.C.

(b) Tall Oil Plants. Gaseous emissions shall be collected and incinerated in a lime kiln, a kraft recovery furnace or a combustion device meeting the requirements of subsection 62-296.404(3), F.A.C., or 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subparts BB or BBa, adopted and incorporated by reference in Rule 62-204.800, F.A.C., or

1. 0.05 pound per ton of crude tall oil produced as a 12-hour average.

2. Emissions units subject to this rule shall also comply with applicable continuous emissions monitoring requirements of subsection 62-296.404(5), F.A.C.

(c) Kraft Recovery Furnaces.

1. Straight kraft recovery furnaces.

a. Old design kraft recovery furnaces, new design kraft recovery furnaces that are not direct-fired, and new design direct-fired suspension-burning kraft recovery furnaces – 17.5 ppm by volume on a dry basis at standard conditions corrected to 8 percent oxygen as a 12-hour average.

b. New design direct-fired kraft recovery furnaces that are not direct-fired suspension-burning kraft recovery furnaces – 5 ppm by volume on a dry basis at standard conditions corrected to 8 percent oxygen as a 12-hour average.

c. Any straight kraft recovery furnace shall comply with the total reduced sulfur emissions limit for cross recovery furnaces whenever the green liquor sulfidity exceeds 28 percent and the black liquor being burned contains an average of more than 7 weight percent solids originating from the neutral sulfite semichemical (NSSC) process, based on the average of all previous 12-hour averages during the quarter.

2. Cross recovery furnaces – 25 ppm by volume on a dry basis at standard conditions corrected to 8 percent oxygen as a 12-hour average. Any cross recovery furnace shall comply with the total reduced sulfur emissions limit for straight kraft recovery furnaces whenever the green liquor sulfidity is less than or equal to 28 percent or the black liquor being burned contains an average of 7 weight percent or less solids originating from the neutral sulfite semichemical (NSSC) process, based on the average of all previous 12-hour averages during the quarter.

3. Emissions units subject to this rule shall also comply with applicable continuous emissions monitoring requirements of subsection 62-296.404(5), F.A.C.

(d) Smelt Dissolving Tank Vents.

1. 0.0480 pound per each 3,000 pounds black liquor solids as hydrogen sulfide (H2S).

2. Emissions units subject to this rule shall also comply with applicable continuous emissions monitoring requirements of subsection 62-296.404(5), F.A.C.

(e) Lime Kilns.

1. 20 ppm by volume on a dry basis at standard conditions corrected to 10 percent oxygen as a 12-hour average.

2. Emissions units subject to this rule shall also comply with applicable continuous emissions monitoring requirements of subsection 62-296.404(5), F.A.C.

(f) Other Combustion Devices Used to Incinerate Total Reduced Sulfur Emissions.

1. 5 ppm by volume on a dry basis at standard conditions corrected to 10 percent oxygen as a 12-hour average.

2. Emissions units subject to this provision may include but shall not be limited to power boilers, carbonaceous fuel burning equipment and incinerators.

3. Emissions units subject to this rule shall also comply with applicable continuous emissions monitoring requirements of subsection 62-296.404(5), F.A.C.

(4) Test Methods and Procedures.

(a) The test method for TRS for an emission unit subject to subsection 62-296.404(3), F.A.C., shall be EPA Method 16 or EPA Method 16A or EPA Method 16B or EPA Method 16C, as described at 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Appendix A-6, adopted and incorporated by reference at Rule 62-204.800, F.A.C. EPA Method 16 or EPA Method 16A or EPA Method 16B or EPA Method 16C shall also be required for instrument certification.

(b) Test procedures shall meet all applicable requirements of Chapter 62-297, F.A.C.

(5) Continuous Emissions Monitoring Requirements. Each owner or operator of a tall oil plant or kraft (sulfate) pulp mill subject to the TRS emission limits in subsection 62-296.404(3), F.A.C., shall install continuous monitoring systems for monitoring total reduced sulfur (TRS) emissions, or the performance of total reduced sulfur air pollution control systems as specified in this subsection.

(a) Straight kraft recovery furnaces, whether new or old design, cross recovery furnaces, lime kilns and other combustion devices used to incinerate TRS emissions, shall be equipped with total reduced sulfur continuous emissions monitoring systems as specified in paragraph 62-296.404(5)(b), F.A.C.

(b) Continuous determination of total reduced sulfur emissions.

1. A total reduced sulfur continuous emissions monitoring system shall be installed, calibrated, certified and operated pursuant to all of the following provisions:

a. The continuous emissions monitoring system shall monitor and record the concentration of total reduced sulfur (TRS) emissions on a dry basis and the percentage of oxygen by volume on a dry basis.

b. The continuous emissions monitoring system shall be located, installed and certified pursuant to the provisions of 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Appendix B, Performance Specification 2 and Performance Specification 3, and 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Appendix B, Performance Specification 5, which are adopted and incorporated by reference at Rule 62-204.800, F.A.C. The exception is that the phrase “or other approved alternative” in Section 3.2 of Performance Specification 5 is not adopted. For the purposes of emissions testing and certification of continuous emissions monitoring systems, EPA Method 16, EPA Method 16A, EPA Method 16B, or EPA Method 16C as described at 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Appendix A-6, adopted and incorporated by reference at Rule 62-204.800, F.A.C., shall be used.

c. The continuous emissions monitoring system shall be in continuous operation, except when the emissions unit is not operating, or during system breakdowns, repairs, calibration checks, and zero and span adjustments.

d. The continuous emissions monitoring system shall have a maximum span value not to exceed:

(I) A total reduced sulfur concentration of 30 ppm for the total reduced sulfur continuous emissions monitoring system on any new design direct-fired kraft recovery furnace that is not direct-fired, new design suspension-burning kraft recovery furnace, incinerator, digester system or multiple effect evaporator system.

(II) A total reduced sulfur concentration of 50 ppm for the total reduced sulfur continuous emissions monitoring system on any old design kraft recovery furnace, new design kraft recovery furnace that is not direct-fired, new design direct-fired suspension-burning kraft recovery furnace, cross recovery furnace, lime kiln or calciner.

(III) 25 percent oxygen for the continuous oxygen monitoring system.

e. The continuous emissions monitoring system shall be checked by the owner or operator in accordance with a written procedure at least once daily and after any maintenance to the system. The owner or operator shall check the zero (or low level value between 0 and 20 percent of span value) and span (90 to 100 percent of span value) calibration drifts. The zero and span shall be adjusted, as a minimum, whenever the 24-hour zero drift or 24-hour span drift exceeds two times the limits of the applicable performance specifications referenced in sub-subpargraph 62-296.404(5)(b)1.d., F.A.C. The system must allow the amount of excess zero and span drift measured at the 24-hour interval checks to be recorded and quantified.

2. The owner or operator of any total reduced sulfur emissions unit who is required to install a total reduced sulfur continuous emissions monitoring system pursuant to paragraph 62-296.404(5)(a), F.A.C., shall:

a. Reduce all data to one-hour averages for each 60-minute period beginning on the hour. One-hour averages shall be computed from a minimum of four data points equally spaced over each one-hour period. Data recorded during periods of system breakdowns, repairs, calibration checks, and zero and span adjustments shall not be included in the computation. Either an arithmetic or integrated average shall be used.

b. Calculate and record on a daily basis the 12-hour average total reduced sulfur and oxygen concentrations for two consecutive 12-hour periods of each operating day using the equations and procedures in 40 CFR 60.284(c) as adopted and incorporated by reference in Rule 62-204.800, F.A.C. Each 12-hour average shall be determined as the arithmetic mean of the appropriate 12 contiguous one-hour average total reduced sulfur concentrations corrected to the specified oxygen concentration as required by the applicable standard and rounded to the same number of significant digits as the standard.

(c) Other combustion devices subject to paragraph 62-296.404(3)(f), F.A.C., shall be equipped with devices to continuously monitor temperature at the point of combustion and oxygen. The temperature devices shall be certified by the manufacturer to be accurate to within + 1 percent of the temperature being measured. The oxygen monitors shall be certified by the manufacturer to be accurate to within 0.1 percent oxygen by volume.

(6) Semi-annual Reporting Requirements. The owner or operator of an emissions unit subject to the provisions of subsection 62-296.404(5), F.A.C. (Continuous Monitoring Requirements), shall submit a written total reduced sulfur emissions data report to the Department or local program. Each semi-annual report shall cover the 6-month periods of January 1 – June 30 and July 1 – December 31. The reports shall be submitted by the 60th day following the end of each calendar half (i.e., March 1st and August 29th of every year).

(a) The report shall include the following information:

1. The magnitude of excess emissions and the date and time of commencement and completion of each time period in which excess emissions occurred.

2. Specific identification of each period of excess emissions that occurs including startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions of the affected emissions unit. An explanation of the cause of each period of excess emissions, and any corrective action taken or preventive measures adopted. Excess emissions shall be all 12-hour periods for which the appropriate surrogate parameter data or total reduced sulfur continuous emissions monitoring data indicates that an applicable 12-hour average total reduced sulfur emission limiting standard for the emissions unit was exceeded.

3. The date and time identifying each period during which each continuous emissions monitoring system used to measure total reduced sulfur emissions or surrogate parameters was inoperative except for zero and span checks, and the nature of the system repairs or adjustments.

4. When no excess emissions have occurred or the continuous emissions monitoring system(s) have not been operative, or have been repaired or adjusted, such information shall be stated in the report.

(b) Any owner or operator subject to the provisions of subsections 62-296.404(5) and (6), F.A.C., shall maintain a complete file of any measurements, including continuous emissions monitoring system, monitoring device, and performance testing measurements; any continuous emissions monitoring system performance evaluations; any continuous emissions monitoring system or monitoring device calibration checks; any adjustments and maintenance performed on these systems or devices; and any other information required, recorded in a permanent legible form available for inspection. The file shall be retained for at least three years following the date of such measurements, maintenance, reports and records.

(c) Evaluation of Excess Emissions. The Department shall consider periods of excess emissions from any kraft recovery furnace, lime kiln, or any other regulated TRS emissions unit to be evidence of improper operation and maintenance of the monitored emissions unit provided that:

1. For kraft recovery furnaces subject to the emissions limits of paragraph 62-296.404(3)(c), F.A.C., the excess emissions occur during more than one percent of the total number of possible contiguous 12-hour periods of excess emissions in a calendar quarter rounded to the nearest whole number (excluding only the actual 12-hour periods during which a startup, shutdown or malfunction of the kraft recovery furnace occurred and only the actual 12-hour periods when the kraft recovery furnace was not operating), or

2. For lime kilns and calciners subject to the emissions limits of paragraph 62-296.404(3)(e), F.A.C., the excess emissions occur during more than two percent of the total number of possible contiguous 12-hour periods of excess emissions in a calendar quarter rounded to the nearest whole number (excluding only the actual 12-hour periods during which a startup, shutdown or malfunction of the lime kiln, calciner, or their control equipment occurred and only the actual 12-hour periods when the lime kiln or calciner was not operating), or

3. For other regulated non-NSPS total reduced sulfur emissions units, the excess emissions as indicated by the appropriate surrogate parameters occur during more than one percent of the total number of possible contiguous 12-hour periods of excess emissions in a calendar quarter rounded to the nearest whole number (excluding only the actual 12-hour periods during which a startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the emissions unit or its control equipment occurred and only the actual 12-hour periods when the source was not operating); and,

4. The Department determines that the affected emissions unit, including air pollution control equipment, is not maintained and operated in a manner which is consistent with good air pollution control practices for minimizing emissions. Such determination shall be based on the failure of the owner or operator of the facility to provide records of maintenance and operation of the emissions unit and related equipment showing operation consistent with good air pollution control practices. Good air pollution control practices shall include:

a. Operation of all equipment within permit limits for loading rates and other process parameters,

b. An adequate preventive maintenance program based on manufacturer’s recommendations or other accepted industry practices,

c. Training of personnel in the operation and maintenance of equipment,

d. Visual and instrument inspections of equipment on a regular basis; and,

e. Maintenance of an adequate on-site, or readily available, supply of equipment for routine repairs.

(d) The owner or operator of any tall oil plant or kraft pulp mill shall notify the Department or local program, as specified in the facility’s permit, in writing within fourteen days of the date on which periods of excess emissions exceed the percentages allowed by subparagraphs 62-296.404(6)(c)1. through 3., F.A.C. The notification may be submitted electronically.

Rulemaking Authority 403.061 FS. Law Implemented 403.021, 403.031, 403.061, 403.087 FS. History–Formerly 17-2.600(4), 17-296.404, Amended 11-23-94, 1-1-96, 3-13-96, 7-10-14, 6-23-22.